How does childhood obesity affect the community

Shortcuts for audio of childhood obesity goes beyond health adults who have been overweight since high school risk a lifetime of disease, discrimination and poverty. They were also much more likely to be unemployed or receiving of childhood obesity goes beyond of childhood obesity goes beyond of childhood obesity goes beyond of childhood obesity goes beyond 28, 201012:01 am on morning health effects of being overweight or obese are well documented. Weight ight children feel inferior and they tend not to aspire to such heights because they don't believe they deserve psychologist kelly brownell directs the rudd center for food policy and obesity at yale university, where research, by rebecca puhl, has found overweight people are 26 times more likely to report discrimination than their normal-weight counterparts. Brownell says discrimination against overweight individuals has increased 66 percent over the past decade despite the fact that more adults are becoming ng childhood obesity should be part of family routine feb. Pediatrician joe thompson is a specialist in childhood obesity at the university of arkansas college of medicine. Thompson is also director of the robert wood johnson foundation center to prevent childhood obesity. He says arkansas has made inroads into the obesity problem by offering more healthful choices in school cafeterias and vending machines and that those efforts have paid off in the battle against obesity. Pmcid: pmc3278864childhood obesity: a global public health crisissameera karnik and amar kanekar1masters of public health program, american public university, east stroudsburg, pa, usa1department of health studies, east stroudsburg university of pennsylvania, east stroudsburg, pa, usacorrespondence to: ass. Unported, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly article has been cited by other articles in ctintroduction:childhood obesity is a major public health crisis nationally and internationally.

The purpose of this manuscript is to address various factors influencing childhood obesity, a variety of interventions and governmental actions addressing obesity and the challenges ahead for managing this s:in order to collect materials for this review a detailed search of cinahl, medline, eric, academic search premier databases was carried out for the time period s:some of the interventions used were family based, school based, community based, play based, and hospital based. Governments along with other health care organizations are taking effective actions like policy changing and environmentally safe interventions for children to improve physical sions:in conclusion, childhood obesity can be tackled at the population level by education, prevention and sustainable interventions related to healthy nutrition practices and physical activity ds: calorie imbalance, childhood obesity, interventions, physical activity, policy changingintroductionobesity is a major public health crisis among children and adults. Childhood-related obesity is an increasing concern with respect to the health and well-being of the child. Body mass index (bmi), a measure of weight with relation to height, is not only used as an outcome measure to determine obesity but also as a useful anthropometric index for cardiovascular risk. Childhood obesity is defined as a bmi at or above 95th percentile for children of same age and sex. 4] classifications of obesity in children depend upon the body composition of the child, as it varies with respect to age and sex of the child. 4]magnitude of the problemthe prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing in developed and underdeveloped countries. 5] the development in reducing the problem of obesity and overweight is monitored nationally by using data from national health and nutrition examination survey. 6] childhood obesity prevalence among preschool children between age group of 2-5-year-old girls and boys has increased from 5.

6] the data collected for the same period shows that the adolescent (age group 12-19 years) obesity has increased from 5. 6]figure 1graphically shows the increasing trend of obesity among children and adolescent population from 1963 to 2008. 1prevalence of obesity among us children and adolescents aged 2-19, for selected years 1963-1965 through 2007-2008[6]healthy people 2010 have ranked obesity as number one health problem showing that prevalence of childhood obesity has increased over the years. 7] increased prevalence of childhood obesity may have adverse morbidity and mortality implications in the adult life of the child. There has been increased prevalence of childhood obesity in england, especially among school children over last few decades. 9] childhood obesity is common in united kingdom and according to the health survey conducted in 2004, obesity among 2-10-year olds was 14% and among 11-15-year olds was 15%. Boolean search strategy where the key words entered for search were “factors” and “childhood obesity” “interventions” and “governmental actions” and “economic problems” in differing orders were used to extract studies for this narrative s influencing childhood obesitychildhood obesity is due to the imbalance between caloric intake of the child and the calories utilized (for growth, development, metabolism, and physical activities). Normally the amount of calories a child consumes through food or beverages, if not used for energy activities, leads to obesity. Obesity can be multifactorial in c factorsthere are certain genetic factors which may lead to obesity in children.

It is seen that children and teens nowadays lack the required amount of physical activity; hence the calories are not used properly and can lead to obesity. 12]it is seen that sedentary lifestyle is an important factor for obesity, as many children spend most of their time in front of television sets, play video games, and watch computers. Children are prone to sedentary lifestyle such as watching television, consuming more energy-dense foods or snacks with large portion sizes, and having reduced physical activity, giving rise to obesity. 10] these factors are seen in various settings such as at home, in school, and in the community. 10] community's lack of accessibility and affordability of healthy food can affect the nutrition of these children. Health problems related to obesity are not only physical but psychological and social as well. Children feel depressed and are nervous about their obesity issue and this has a negative effect on their behavior. The complications caused due to childhood obesity are severe and could continue to affect the health of a child even in adulthood. It is essential that parents are aware of the potential risk the child is facing due to obesity and take actions to control the problem.

Some school-based programs along with the help of community members can help to promote physical education skills and healthy nutrition among children, with focus on implementing this education for maintaining long-term healthy behavior. The term ‘community’ includes the environment around children along with other factors like geographic location, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. Community support is invaluable in implementing interventions and organizing social events like healthy food festivals, harvest festivals, imparting healthy messages, and educating and encouraging people to adopt healthy lifestyle. Thus, community can help children to get affordable and accessible healthy food options and encourage healthy nutrition. 19] community organizations along with parents can promote nutrition and physical activity-based programs for children, eg. Community can make the neighborhood safe and accessible to children and motivate them to increase physical activity. Community can provide children with easy accessible facilities like gymnasiums and supervised physical education with strategies such as music for physical activities. Community can influence media or local entertainment to promote healthy educational programs for parents and children. Hence, making them aware of healthy intervention programs via the community is important to reduce childhood obesity.

17] these innovative interventions can encourage children to lead a healthy ood-obesity prevention interventionspreventive programs are conducted to control obesity in children and to modify the social and behavioral aspect of developing obesity. Some of the preventive programs revolve around educating the general population about healthy nutrition and providing information about health problems caused due to childhood obesity. 15] health care professionals can advise their patients, especially parents, about healthy child nutrition, tackling health problems due to childhood obesity, and benefits of breast feeding among newborn children to prevent weight gain. 21] federal or state actions to deal with childhood obesity are directing all the food vendors to provide exact calorie readable labels on their products, mentioning calories upfront on menus, restricting advertisements of unhealthy foods, and promoting healthy food making among parents. Children aged 7 years and younger with no secondary complications of obesity are advised weight management. Pharmacological therapy for children with obesity above the age of 12 years can include drugs like orlistat (which blocks fat from the intestine thus giving negative energy balance). 8] medical professionals are considering the benefits of bariatric surgery in extremely obese children to avoid complications of obesity in adulthood. According to a recent review about school-based interventions for obesity prevention, 17 out of 25 intervention studies were effective in reducing the body mass index. 23] some interventions targeting physical activity through physical education along with nutritional education worked in reducing obesity.

24]us governmental strategies to reduce childhood obesityaccording to the centers for disease control and prevention, identifying effective intervention strategies that can target both improvements in physical activity and providing nutritious diet to reduce childhood obesity are important. 21] interventions encouraging mothers to breastfeed their babies can be effective in reducing the risk of obesity in children. 21] the united states government is changing the health policies involving transportation, land use, education, agriculture, and economics so that it can have an important impact on healthy environment and health of people in turn reducing obesity. The first lady has also initiated an obesity prevention and control program titled ‘let's move’. Important data regarding evaluation of childhood obesity prevention schemes can be collected and can be used to make stronger and more effective strategies including policy building to reduce future childhood obesity rates. 25]conclusionschildhood obesity has become a public health crisis, not just in the united states but all over the world. Childhood obesity problem can be reduced by educating children and parents about healthy nutrition and encouraging them to be physically active. Centers for disease control and prevention, overweight and obesity; childhood overweight and obesity, contributing factors. Centers for disease control and prevention (2011) [last retrieved on 2011 feb 03];cdc grand rounds: childhood obesity in the united states.

The prevention of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents: a review of interventions and programmes. About obesitychildhood the past 30 years, the occurrence of overweight in children has tripled and it is now estimated that one in five children in the us is overweight (17%). As a result, childhood overweight is regarded as the most common prevalent nutritional disorder of us children and adolescents, and one of the most common problems seen by 1. Children and adolescents aged 2-19, for selected years 1963-1965 through al health and nutrition examination survey (nhanes) uences of childhood the short term and long term effects of overweight on health are of concern because of the negative psychological and health consequences in ial negative psychological outcomes:Risk for eating or and learning ve health consequences:High total and ldl cholesterol and triglyceride levels in the hdl cholesterol levels in the edic problems such as blount's disease and slipped capital femoral -alcoholic steatohepatitis (fatty infiltration and inflammation of the liver). Obese children are more likely to be obese as adults, hence they are at increased risk for a number of diseases including: stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, and some butors to childhood choices - diets higher in calories (including fats and simple sugars) and lower in fruits and vegetables are linked with al activity vs. Sedentary activity - less physical activity and more time spent participating in activities such as watching tv results in less energy al obesity - children of obese parents are more likely to be overweight themselves. There is an inherited component to childhood overweight that makes it easier for some children to become overweight than others. There are a number of single gene mutations ("genetic alterations") that are capable of causing severe childhood overweight, though these are rare. Parental obesity may also reflect a family environment that promotes excess eating and insufficient patterns - skipping meals or failure to maintain a regular eating schedule can result in increased intakes when food is ing style - some researchers believe that excess parental control over children's eating might lead to poor self regulation of kid's energy es during pregnancy - overweight and type 2 diabetes occur with greater frequency in the offspring of diabetic mothers (who are also more likely to be obese).

Asian and pacific islander children of the same age were slightly less likely to be ing childhood ood overweight is identified through the measurement of body mass index or bmi. More food can always be , broil, roast or grill meats instead of frying use of high calorie, high fat and high sugar sauces and low-fat or nonfat and lower calorie dairy products for milk, yogurt and ice t participation in play, sports and other physical activity at school, church or community active as a family - go on a walk, bike ride, swim or hike together. Avoid badgering children, restrictive feeding, labeling foods as "good" or "bad," and using food as a for pediatricians & other health care professionals to facilitate the prevention of childhood overweight (from the american academy of pediatrics policy statement, august 2003). Supervision recommendations:Identify and track patients at risk by virtue of family history, birth weight, or socioeconomic, ethnic, cultural, or environmental ate and plot bmi once a year in all children and change in bmi to identify rate of excessive weight gain relative to linear age, support, and protect age parents and caregivers to promote healthy eating patterns by offering nutritious snacks, such as vegetables and fruits, low-fat dairy foods, and whole grains; encouraging children's autonomy in self-regulation of food intake and setting appropriate limits on choices; and modeling healthy food ely promote physical activity, including unstructured play at home, in school, in child care settings, and throughout the end limitation of television and video time to a maximum of 2 hours per ize and monitor changes in obesity-associated risk factors for adult chronic disease, such as hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, impaired glucose tolerance, and symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea cy recommendations:Help parents, teachers, coaches, and others who influence youth to discuss health habits, not body habitus, as part of their efforts to control policy makers from local, state, and national organizations and schools to support a healthful lifestyle for all children, including proper diet and adequate opportunity for regular physical age organizations that are responsible for health care and health care financing to provide coverage for effective obesity prevention and treatment age public and private sources to direct funding toward research into effective strategies to prevent overweight and to maximize limited family and community resources to achieve healthful outcomes for t and advocate for social marketing intended to promote healthful food choices and increased physical an academy of pediatrics. Prevention of pediatric overweight and obesity: american academy of pediatrics policy statement; organizational principles to guide and define the child health system and/or improve the health of all children; committee on nutrition. Television viewing as a cause of increasing obesity among children in the united states, 1986-1990. Obesity research 1996; 4(4): nek e, schreiber gb, crawford pb, goldman sr, barrier pm, frederick mm, & lakatos e. 2016 the obesity d by higher ncbi web site requires javascript to tionresourceshow toabout ncbi accesskeysmy ncbisign in to ncbisign l listj family med prim carev. 2); apr-jun s:article | pubreader | epub (beta) | printer friendly | directly to directly to a to z directly to directly to page directly to site receive email updates about this page, enter your email address:Micronutrient and local ood obesity causes & end on orcommunity environmentconsequences of ood obesity is a complex health issue.

The causes of excess weight gain in young people are similar to those in adults, including factors such as a person’s behavior and nation’s overall increase in obesity also is influenced by a person’s community. Where people live can affect their ability to make healthy ors that influence excess weight gain include eating high-calorie, low-nutrient foods and beverages, not getting enough physical activity, sedentary activities such as watching television or other screen devices, medication use, and sleep contrast, consuming a healthy diet and being physically active can help children grow as well as maintain a healthy weight throughout childhood. Places such as child care centers, schools, or communities can affect diet and activity through the foods and drinks they offer and the opportunities for physical activity they provide. Other community factors that affect diet and physical activity include the affordability of healthy food options, peer and social supports, marketing and promotion, and policies that determine how a community is uences of immediate health y during childhood can have a harmful effect on the body in a variety of ways. Obesity is also related to8-10:Psychological problems such as anxiety and self-esteem and lower self-reported quality of problems such as bullying and en who have obesity are more likely to become adults with obesity. Adult obesity is associated with increased risk of a number of serious health conditions including heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and children have obesity, their obesity and disease risk factors in adulthood are likely to be more at, harris kc, panagiotopoulos c, et al. Association of depression and health related quality of life with body composition in children and youth with obesity. Associations between obesity and comorbid mental health, developmental, and physical health conditions in a nationally representative sample of us children aged 10 to 17. Longitudinal trends in obesity in the united states from adolescence to the third decade of life.

2010;18(9):1801-– md, ryan dh, apovian cm, et al, for the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on practice guidelines; obesity society. 2013 aha/acc/tos guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the american college of cardiology/american heart association task force on practice guidelines and the obesity society. Powerpoint last reviewed: december 15, 2016 page last updated: december 15, 2016 content source:Division of nutrition, physical activity, and obesity, national center for chronic disease prevention and health promotion.